The recently published Inquiries Bill 2024 [New Law] gives the GSLP-Liberal Government much wider powers over inquiries than exist now.
Suspiciously, the New Law comes before Parliament long after the start by Sir Charles Peter Lawford Openshaw, DL [Inquiry Commissioner] of the Inquiry into the “Retirement of the Former Commissioner of Police” [Inquiry], namely Ian McGrail. The Chief Minister Fabian Picardo’s involvement in that is a subject of the Inquiry.
Transparency International UK was prompted by the New Law to issue a public statement in response to reports of political interference in the Inquiry. The statement is critical of the Government’s actions.
MAJOR CHANGE IN LAW
The New Law, if passed in Parliament and assented to by the Governor, will change the law governing inquiries presently. Government Bills are invariably made law due to the inbuilt government majority made up of ministers.
We will need to wait and see whether the Inquiry will continue under the current law, the Commission of Inquiries Act [Existing Law], or now come under the New Law, but as presently drafted the New Law will govern the future Inquiry proceedings.
The rush to get it enacted indicates that it will come under the New Law, as the transitional provisions state.
Under the New Law the government can amend terms of reference, suspend the Inquiry, end the Inquiry, restrict what information is public, supress publication of any report, or withhold information in a report. A more detailed analysis can be found below.
DEMOCRACY UNDERMINED
If it comes under the New Law, it establishes a more undemocratic process than the Existing Law. It is even more undemocratic than in the UK because there an inquiry is called by a minister, not the Government.
A Minister in the UK is fully answerable and accountable to Parliament. The Gibraltar Government is not answerable to Parliament in the same sense, as here there is no separation of powers between the executive government and the legislative and inquiring Parliament. Here the executive government dominates and controls.
A Government in Gibraltar cannot be defeated in Parliament unless a minister rebels, which is most unlikely considering the salaries earned and many other considerations.
In any event, why should Gibraltar blindly follow UK law, especially when that law is more restrictive and undemocratic than the law as it stands. That is especially so when the Inquiry has already been set up.
‘URGENT’ DEBATE IN PARLIAMENT
The Bill will be dealt with in Parliament this week, probably on Thursday, as the Chief Minister, Fabian Picardo, who is a ‘Core Participant’ in the Inquiry and so an interested party, has certified it as urgent. It seems that conflicts of interest play no part in certain decisions.
Accordingly, Parliament can debate and pass the New Law without waiting for the six-week period normally required before a law can be debated and come into force. What exactly the urgency is remains unknown, except that waiting the six weeks takes it beyond the start date of the Inquiry on the 8th April 2024.
Nothing seems to have changed since the Commission establishing the Inquiry was issued on the 4th February 2022 to introduce any urgency. Certainly, there is nothing in the public domain indicating any change.
Further, The Gibraltar Chronicle reported on 9th March 2024 that neither the Inquiry Commissioner nor anyone in the Inquiry legal team had been made aware of the proposal to change the law.
It indicates that there was no concern about dealing with the Inquiry under the Existing Law. Any concern must have been that of someone else, probably the Chief Minister or his Government as a whole.
TRANSPARENCY INTERNATIONAL
Transparency International UK, prompted by the above event, has today “…warned against threats to the independence …” of the Inquiry, which is “… examining serious allegations of corruption at the highest level of the Government…”.
Daniel Bruce, its Chief Executive said, “Any attempt to fetter the independence of the inquiry, obstruct its timely progress, or unduly influence witnesses would severely undermine confidence in the quality of Gibraltar’s governance. Due process must take its course without fear or favour.”
THE COMMISSION TERMS
The Commission establishing the Inquiry seeks that the Inquiry Chairman “… inquire, as he shall in his absolute discretion consider appropriate, into the reasons and circumstances leading to Mr Ian McGrail ceasing to be Commissioner of Police in June 2020 by taking early retirement.”
The Inquiry Commissioner “… is to ascertain the facts and report to the Government on the above matter.”
Importantly it makes clear that, “Save as the [Inquiry] Commissioner may in his discretion determine, the Inquiry is to be held in public…”.
ONLY LIMITED MATTERS TO BE PRIVATE
The Inquiry Commissioner has determined so far that only some limited aspects of the evidence dealing with “Operation Delhi” should be redacted or kept private. A ruling on that subject followed applications made by the Royal Gibraltar Police and by the Chief Minister.
Relevant summaries of those rulings were made public at the end of last week. They can be found on the Commission website.
Operation Delhi involved an investigation into alleged hacking and sabotage of the National Security Centralised Intelligence system and into an alleged conspiracy to defraud a private company operating the system.
The Inquiry Commissioner has also found that three of 19 statements filed by current or former members of the Gibraltar Police Federation are relevant. Those three will be considered by the Inquiry, with any irrelevant parts first being redacted.
The Inquiry Commissioner will also seek evidence and disclosures about how the Gibraltar Police Federation statements came about, in view of allegations that incentives were offered in return for them.
NEW LAW
The New Law, in most regards that can apply to Gibraltar, is an adapted direct copy of the Inquiries Act 2005 of the United Kingdom [UK Act]. It is put forward soon after rulings by the Inquiry Commissioner of what should be public and what should remain private.
There are some minor differences, but overall, it serves to make extensive provisions governing Inquiries. In doing so it serves to curtail the discretion of the Inquiry Commissioner in several areas at this late stage in what is an ongoing process for over two years. It does so especially in the area of who decides what is private and what is public.
GOVERNMENT NOT MINISTER
One difference is that the UK Act refers to a Minister or Ministers convening an Inquiry and taking all sorts of steps within it. That is changed in the New Law. The reference there is to the “Government”. In fairness, the Existing Law also refers to the “Government”, and not to a Minister or Ministers.
The effect of that reference to the “Government”, however, is nominally to distance the Chief Minister from any decision, but the reality is that the Government is unlikely to decide something absent instigation, or at least serious involvement, by the Chief Minister.
There are several interesting provisions in the New Law, some follow. It may well be that all or some of those were implicit in the Existing Law. That is not an exercise that this piece undertakes.
SUMMARY OF NEW LAW CHANGES
The Government gains power to amend the terms of reference after consultation with the Commissioner of an inquiry. It means that the Government can change matters engaged in the Inquiry, particular matters on which the Inquiry may determine the facts, the ability to make recommendations, and other matters relating to the scope of the Inquiry.
A difference from the UK Act is that assessors can only be appointed, and their appointment be ended, by the government before an inquiry starts, or during an inquiry by the Commissioner of an inquiry, only with Government consent. In the UK The Commissioner does not need an equivalent consent.
There is a new power to suspend an inquiry to allow for any other investigation into matters related to an inquiry to come to an end, or any civil or criminal proceedings on those matters to finish.
The government can end an inquiry by giving notice, aside from when a final report is provided with notification that the terms of reference have been fulfilled. Accordingly, the Government can bring an inquiry to a close. The current GSLP-Liberal Government has publicly said that it does not intend to end the Inquiry.
It can convert the Inquiry under the Old Law into an inquiry under the New Law, simultaneously allowing a change to existing terms of reference.
Also, terms of reference can be changed if the Government considers that the public interest requires that to be done. The chairman of any inquiry must first be consulted. Parliament must be informed. We shall see if the Commission Terms of reference will be changed by the Government.
The urgency with which the Government intends to pass the New Law indicates that such a change will be done. The law, however, only allows for such a change if, certain events have caused or could cause public concern, or there is public concern that certain events may have occurred. What those may be right now, such as to allow for a change, remain unknown.
Inquiries and all information coming out in them will be in public, but those rights can now be restricted by a notice given to the chairman by the Government. The chairman of an inquiry retains the right to restrict publicity.
Restrictions can only be imposed if required by any law or as are considered conducive to the fulfilment of terms of reference or in the public interest having regard to specified matters, including damage to national security, international relations, or the economic interests of Gibraltar.
The chairman of an inquiry continues to have power to compel the giving or production of evidence save for evidence that would be subject to privilege in civil proceedings or to any retained EU obligations, and public interest immunity applies also.
The Government and the Financial Services Commission now have power to prevent the revelation of information where either consider that “… the public interest in the information being revealed outweighs the public interest in avoiding a risk of damage to the economy.”
An inquiry report setting out facts found and recommendations (if terms of reference require those) must be delivered to the Government. A full report must be published if the Government has so notified the chairman of an inquiry, or the chairman accepts responsibility or publication on being invited to publish by the Government.
A report may withhold information to the extent required by any law or retained EU obligation, or as the publisher may consider necessary in the public interest, which includes national security, international relations, or economic damage.
JUDICIAL REVIEW
Judicial Review in the Supreme Court would be the recourse available to anyone wishing to question any decision. It is an expensive procedure, that alone is a huge disincentive, which acts to the advantage of the Government in relation to any decision taken by it as permitted by the New Law.
The New Law further restricts that recourse by imposing a 14-day limit from awareness of any decision on such an application being made engaging a government decision or a member of an inquiry panel. The time restriction does not apply to decisions as to contents of any inquiry report, or any decision that one could not be aware of until a report is published.
RULES
There may be more to come once the New Law is in force. It gives the government power to make rules.
Those rules can engage evidence and procedure, return of documents given to an inquiry, and payment of awards and expenses to witnesses.